πνεῦμα

pneu'ma pneu'ma,
pneuvmato",
tov (
pnevw), Greek writings from Aeschylus and Herodotus down; Hebrew j"Wr, Latin spiritus; i. e.:1. a movement of air (gentle) blast; a. of the wind:
ajnevmwn
pneuvmata, Herodotus 7, 16, 1; Pausanias, 5, 25; hence, the wind itself, ; plural (; ; ; (104:4), etc.; often in Greek writings). b. breath of the nostrils or mouth, often in Greek writings from Aeschylus down:
pneu'ma
tou'
stovmato", ( (), cf. );
pneu'ma
zwh'", the breath of life, (, cf.
pnohv
zwh'", ). (
pneu'ma and
pnohv seem to have been in the main coincident terms; but
pnohv became the more poetic. Both retain a suggestion of their evident etymology. Even in classical Greek
pneu'ma became as frequent and as wide in its application as
a[nemo". (Schmidt, chapter 55, 7; Trench, sec. lxxiii.))2. the spirit, i. e. the vital principle by which the body is animated ((Aristotle, Polybius, Plutarch, others; see below)): ; ; ; ; (here R. V. breath);
ajfievnai
tov
pneu'ma, to breathe out the spirit, to expire, cf. ; Sap. (Greek writings said
ajfievnai
thvn
yuchvn, as , see
ajfivhmi, 1 b. and Kypke, Observations, i, p. 140; but we also find
ajfievnai
pneu'ma
qansivmw
sfaghv, Euripides, Hec. 571);
sw'ma
cwriv"
pneuvmato"
nekrovn
ejstin, ;
tov
pneu'ma
ejsti
tov
zowpoioun,
hJ
savrx
oujk
wjfelei'
oujdevn, the spirit is that which animates and gives life, the body is of no profit (for the spirit imparts life to it, not the body in turn to the spirit; cf. Chr. Frid. Fritzsche, Nova opuscc., p. 239), . the rational spirit, the power by which a human being feels, thinks, wills, decides; the soul:
tov
pneu'ma
tou'
ajnqrwvpou
tov
ejn
aujtw'/, ; opposed to
savrx (which see (especially 2 a.)), ; ; ; ; ; opposed to
tov
sw'ma, ; , Rec.;; . Although for the most part the words
pneu'ma and
yuchv are used indiscriminately and so
sw'ma and
yuchv put in contrast (but never by Paul; see
yuchv, especially 2), there is also recognized a threefold distinction,
tov
pneu'ma
kaiv
hJ
yuchv
kaiv
tov
sw'ma, , according to which
tov
pneu'ma is the rational part of man, the power of perceiving and grasping divine and eternal things, and upon which the Spirit of God exerts its influence; (
pneu'ma, says Luther, "is the highest and noblest part of man, which qualifies him to lay bold of incomprehensible, invisible, eternal things; in short, it is the house where Faith and God's word are at home" (see references at end)):
a[cri
merismou'
yuch'"
kaiv
pneuvmato" (see
merismov", 2), ;