διαθήκη

diaqhvkh diaqhvkh,
diaqhvkh",
hJ (
diativqhmi);1. a disposition, arrangement, of any sort, which one wishes to be valid (German Verordnung, Willensverfugung): , where under the name of a man's disposition is meant specifically a testament, so far forth as it is a specimen and example of that disposition (cf. Meyer or Lightfoot at the passage); especially the last disposal which one makes of his earthly possessions after his death, a testament or will (so in Greek writings from (Aristophanes), Plato, legg. 11, p. 922 c. following down): f2. a compact, covenant (Aristophanes av. 440), very often in the Scriptures for tyrIB] (Vulgate testamentum). For the word covenant is used to denote the close relationship which God entered into, first with Noah (; ff (cf. )), then with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and their posterity ( (cf. )), but especially with Abraham ( and ), and afterward through Moses with the people of Israel (; ; ; (29:1)). By this last covenant the Israelites are bound to obey God's will as expressed and solemnly promulged in the Mosaic law; and he promises them his almighty protection and blessings of every kind in this world, but threatens transgressors with the severest punishments. Hence, in the N. T. we find mention of
aiJ
plavke"
th'"
diaqhvkh" (tyrIB]h' t/jWl, ,), the tables of the law, on which the duties of the covenant were inscribed (); of
hJ
kibwtov"
th'"
diaqhvkh" (tyrIB]h' @/ra}, ; ; , etc.), the ark of the covenant or law, in which those tables were deposited, ; ; of
hJ
diaqhvkh
peritomh'", the covenant of circumcision, made with Abraham, whose sign and seal was circumcision (ff), ; of
tov
ai|ma
th'"
diaqhvkh", the blood of the victims, by the shedding and sprinkling of which the Mosaic covenant was ratified, from ; of
aiJ
diaqh'kai, the covenants, one made with Abraham, the other through Moses with the Israelites, (L text Tr marginal reading
hJ
diaqhvkh) (Sap). ; ; ; Epistle of Barnabas 9; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 177 (166))); of
aiJ
diaqh'kai
th'"
ejpaggeliva", the covenants to which the promise of salvation through the Messiah was annexed, (
sunqhkai
ajgaqw'n
uJposcevsewn, Sap. ); for Christian salvation is the fulfillment of the divine promises annexed to those covenants, especially to that made with Abraham: f; ; ; (where
diaqhvkh is God's arrangement, i. e. the promise made to Abraham). As the new and far more excellent bond of friendship which God in the Messiah's time would enter into with the people of Israel is called, hv;d;j} tyrIB],
kainhv
diaqhvkh ( ()) -- which divine promise Christ has made good (<<ref:BHS/GNT_Heb 8:8 - 1