Σαδδουκαῖος

Saddoukai'o" Saddoukai'o",
Saddoukaiou,
oJ, a Sadducee, a member of the party of the Sadducees, who, distinguished for birth, wealth, and official position, and not averse to the favor of the Herod family and of the Romans, hated the common people, were the opponents of the Pharisees, and rejecting tradition (see
paravdosi", 2) acknowledged the authority of the O. T. alone in matters pertaining to faith and morals (Josephus, Antiquities 13, 10, 6); they denied not only the resurrection of the body (; ; ; ), but also the immortality of the soul and future retribution (
yuch'"
tev
thvn
diamonhn
kaiv
tav"
kaq!
a{/dou
timwriva"
kaiv
timav"
ajnairousi, Josephus, b. j. 2, 8, 14, cf. Antiquities 18, 1, 4), as well as the existence of angels and spirits (). They maintained man's freedom in opposition to the doctrine of divine predestination (according to Josephus, b. j. 2, 8, 14). They are mentioned in the N. T. (in addition to the one already referred to) in ; ,,f (in which passages they are associated apparently with the Pharisees contrary to the truth of history ((?) cf. the commentaries ad Iliad chapters)); ; ; ; f. The Sadducees derived their name apparently not from the Hebrew qyDIx', as though they boasted of being pre-eminently `righteous' or `upright' (since it cannot be shown that the vowel i ever passed over into u), but, according to a more probable conjecture now approved by many, from the Zadok (q/dx;, the Septuagint,
Saddouk), who was high priest in the time of David and exhibited special fidelity to the king and his house (ff; ff); hence, the posterity of this priest (q/dx; ynEB], ; ; ; ) and all their adherents seem to have been called
Saddoukai'oi (!yqwdx). Cf., besides others, Winer's RWB, under the word, Sadduc?er; Reuss in Herzog xiii., p. 289ff; (Sieffert in Herzog edition 2 xiii., pp. 210-244); Geiger, Sadduc. u. Pharis?er (Brsl. 1863); Keim, i., p. 273ff (English translation, i. (2nd edition), p. 353f); Hausrath in Schenkel iv., p. 518ff; Sch?rer, Ntl. Zeitgesch. 2te Aufl. sec. 26; Wellhausen, Pharis. u. Sadduc?er (Greifsw. 1874); Oort, De oorsprong van den naam Sadduc?en, in the Theolog. Tijdsehrift for 1876, p. 605ff; (Ginsburg, in Alexander's Kitto, under the word; Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, book iii., chapter ii.; Geikie, Life of Christ, chapter xlv. (cf. chapter v.); and B. D. American edition, under the word Sadduccees, for additional references).*