γέ

gev gev, an enclitic particle, answering exactly to no one word in Latin or English; used by the Biblical writers much more rarely than by Greek writers. How the Greeks use it, is shown by (among others) Hermann ad Vig., p. 822ff; Klotz ad Devar. ii. 1, p. 272ff; Rost in Passow's Lexicon, i., p. 538ff; (Liddell and Scott, under the word; T. S. Evans in Journ. of class. and sacr. Philol. for 1857, pp. 187ff). It indicates that the meaning of the word to which it belongs has special prominence, and therefore that that word is to be distinguished from the rest of the sentence and uttered with greater emphasis. This distinction "can be made in two ways, by mentioning either the least important or the most; thus it happens that
gev seems to have contrary significations: `at least' and `even'" (Hermann, the passage cited, p. 822).1. where what is least is indicated; indeed, truly, at least:
diav
gev
thvn
ajnaivdeian, (where, since the force of the statement lies in the substantive not in the preposition, the Greek should have read
diav
thvn
gev
ajnaivdeian, cf. Klotz, the passage cited, p. 327; Rost, the passage cited, p. 542; (Liddell and Scott, under the word IV.));
diav
gev
tov
parevcein
moi
kovpon, at least for this reason, that she troubleth me (A. V. yet because etc.), (better Greek
diav
tov
gev etc.).2. where what is most or greatest is indicated; even:
o{"
gev the very one who etc., precisely he who etc. (German der es ja ist, welcher etc.), ; cf. Klotz, the passage cited, p. 305; Matthiae, Lex. Euripides i., p. 613f.3. joined to other particles it strengthens their force; a.
ajllav
gev (so most editions) or
ajllage (Griesbach) (cf. Winer's Grammar, sec. 5, 2): ; ; see
ajllav, I. 10. b.
a[ra
gev or
a[rage, see
a[ra, 4.
a[ra
gev, see
a[ra, the passage cited
ei[ge (so G T, but L Tr WH
eij
gev; cf. Winer's Grammar, as above; Lipsius Gram. Unters., p. 123), followed by the indicative if indeed, seeing that, of a thing believed to be correctly assumed (Herm. ad Vig., p. 831; cf. Fritzsche, Praeliminarien as above with p. 67ff; Anger, Laodicenerbrief, p. 46; (Winer's Grammar, 448 (417f). Others hold that Hermann's statement does not apply to the N. T. instances. According to Meyer (see notes on ; ; ) the certainty of the assumption resides not in the particle but in the context; so Ellicott (on Galatians, the passage cited; also Ephesians, the passage cited); cf. Lightfoot on Galatians, the passage cited; . Hermann's canon, though assented to by Bornemann (Cyrop. 2, 2, 3, p. 132), Stallbaum (Meno, p. 36), others, is qualified by B?umlein (Partikeln, p. 64f), who holds that
gev often has no other effect than to emphasize the condition expressed by
eij; cf. also Winer edition Moulton, p. 561)), if, that is to say; on the assumption that (see
ei[per under the word
eij, III. 13): ; ; ; with
kaiv added, if that also, if it be indeed (German wenn denn auch):
ei[ge (L Tr WH marginal reading
eij
per)
kaiv
ejndusavmenoi,
ouj
gumnoiv
euJreqhsovmeqa if indeed we shall be found actually clothed (with a new body), not naked, (cf. Meyer at the passage);
ei[ge
kaiv
eijkh'/ namely,
tosau'ta
ejpavqete, if indeed, as I believe, ye have experienced such benefits in vain, and have not already received harm from your inclination to Judaism, (yet cf. Meyer, Ellicott, Lightfoot, others at t